Anxiety Disorders Assignment Help
Anxiety Disorders Assignment Help Its
What Is Anxiety? Anxiety can be defined as an unexplained fearful feeling that causes discomfort or fearfulness, with no identifiable source. In order to understand anxiety disorders it is crucial to distinguish between fear and anxiety as they both involve feelings that come without clear explanation or explanations.
Fear can be defined as the experience of feeling threatened or under imminent danger, leading to activation of our sympathetic nervous system’s fight-or-flight response and subsequent survival of species. Fear serves an adaptive purpose as well as being necessary for its own sake.
E.g. I’m Afraid Of Waves.
Anxiety refers to an unpleasant inner state where we anticipate something terrible happening that cannot be predicted from current circumstances – an unpleasant yet diffuse emotion/cognition combination known as anxiety. Anxiety differs from fear as its focus remains more future-focused and diffuse.
E.G. I’m Worried About My Career.
Anxiety can be beneficial, particularly at mild to moderate levels; however, when it becomes chronic and severe – as seen among those diagnosed with Anxiety Disorders – it becomes maladaptive.
Types Of Anxiety Disorders
DSM V classifies Anxiety Disorders into two major groups.
Anxiety Disorders and Related Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Conditions;
Based upon the symptoms that characterize an anxiety disorder, they are further classified into various forms. Here are a few such forms.
Source – American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th Ed). Washington DC: Author.
A. Anxiety Disorders/Social Phobia/Panic Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Related Conditions [AKA OCD, OCD Symptoms or OCD Syndrome, etc] : Causes Of Anxiety Disorders.
Multiple psychosocial factors play a part in the development of anxiety and its related disorders. Let us discuss its fundamental cause from various viewpoints.
Psychodynamic Perspective: Anxiety disorders arise from internal conflict. Repressed “id” impulses become projectable onto external objects, leading to feelings of anxiety. Additionally, fixations at certain points during psychosexual development – particularly Anal Retention – may create the experience of pleasure by controlling, hoarding and obsessive behaviour which cannot be managed by one’s ego and leads to maladaptive behaviours.
Behavioral Perspective : Like other behaviors, anxiety behavior is learned. Phobias and fears can be learned through classical conditioning techniques; additionally it may also be learned via vicarious conditioning or modelling. Sometimes the secondary gains from anxiety-provoking or avoidant behaviors lead to reinforcement of maladaptive actions.
Cognitive Perspective : Anxiety disorders result from inaccurate, dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs which lead to underestimating internal capacities and overestimating life challenges – leading to feelings of anxiety such as fear of failure and feeling of dread. If these irrational beliefs remain unchanged over time they lead to symptoms associated with anxiety disorders surfacing more openly in symptoms.
Humanistic Perspective : When there is an incongruence between one’s’real self’ and their ideal self, anxiety results. Constantly suppressing real goals, wishes, thoughts or emotions may contribute to creating anxiety.
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Anxiety Disorders Assignment Help: Symptoms Of Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders manifest themselves differently for each type of anxiety disorder; however, some of the more prevalent signs and symptoms include:
Hypervigilance, shortness of breath, dry mouth and heart palpitation (excessive or excessively palpitation), tension muscle spasms and disturbed sleep (unease with staying calm) may all indicate anxiety symptoms.
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Bluessay Offers Anxiety Disorder Assignment Help Through Online Tutoring And Guided Sessions To Combat Anxiety. Also Provide Diagnostic Criteria Of Anxiety Disorders.
Anxiety disorders are of various forms as classified by DSM V. Below are diagnostic criteria for some common anxiety disorders according to DSM IV-TR from American Psychiatric Association (2000) as prescribed in Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text rev.) Washington, DC: Author
Phobia: Excessive or unreasonable fear triggered by specific objects or situations which often leads to anxiety reactions such as panic attacks (also referred to as anxiety attacks). Any exposure to stimuli known to trigger such responses almost invariably prompts immediate anxiety responses or panic attacks, with an immediate anxiety response manifesting as panic attack symptoms (sometimes also known as an anxiety attack) becoming inevitable upon exposure.
Person recognizes their fear is excessive or unreasonable. Phobic situation avoided or endured with intense anxiety or distress. Symptoms interfere significantly with normal functioning or there is severe distress caused by their phobia. Longevity at least 6 months.
Social Phobia: An anxiety or panic response usually follows exposure to any social or performance situations that present unfamiliar people or the possibility of scrutiny from others. Exposure can invariably provoke feelings of discomfort or anxiety.
People recognize their fear as excessive or unreasonable. Avoidance or endurance of anticipated social or performance situations causes distress or anxiety for the individual and significantly interferes with daily routine, occupational or social functioning. Panic Disorder Without Agoraphobia Both (a) and (b) Recurring panic attacks without Agoraphobia as its basis are symptoms.
At least one of these attacks was followed by at least a month-long period without further attacks.
Concern about having another.
Worry over consequences (“heart attack”). And… No agoraphobia; Panic attack not caused by physiological effects of substances or medical conditions.
Panic attacks that cannot be better explained by another mental disorder such as social or specific phobia. Agoraphobia
Fear of places from which escape would be difficult or help might not be readily available should there be a panic attack.
Situations are avoided or endured with marked distress and anxiety about having a panic attack, not better explained by another anxiety disorder. Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia
Recurring, unexpected panic attacks occur more than twice per month.
At least one of these attacks was immediately followed by one or more further episodes within one month or more of its onset.
Concern for another attack. Fear about its possible effects (“heart attack”). Anxiety-provoking substances or medical conditions.
Generalized Anxiety Disorder Recurrent panic attacks that cannot be explained by another mental disorder like social or specific phobia. Within six months, generalized anxiety occurs more days than not concerning various events and activities; the individual finds it hard to manage his/her worry levels.
Anxiety and worry characterized by three or more of these six symptoms persisting for more days than not:
Restlessness or feeling keyed up Being easily fatigued
Difficulty concentrating
Irritability
Muscle tension Sleep disturbance Anxiety and worry that do not fit within another Axis I disorder
These symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Either obsessions or compulsions: Obsessions as defined by all four criteria have to exist to make up an obsessional state.
Recurring or persistent impulses, thoughts or images that become disturbing at some point are anathema to us and can produce acute anxiety. People try to ignore or suppress such intrusive impulses by diverting their focus with another thought or action.
People recognize they are products of their own minds.
Compulsions can be diagnosed by two symptoms.
Repetitive actions (hand washing, ordering and checking) or mental acts such as praying and counting that an individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession are examples of repetitive behavior or mental acts that aim at relieving distress or avoiding some unfavorable event or situation.
At some point, most individuals recognize their obsessions or compulsions are excessive or unreasonable. mes Obsessions or compulsions cause marked distress, time-consuming (more than 1 hour daily), and interfere significantly with normal functioning.
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Anxiety Disorder Therapeutic Treatment and Prevention.
There are various therapeutic treatments for anxiety disorder treatment and prevention, including:
Behavioral Therapy – Behavioral therapy works towards changing maladaptive behaviors directly related to symptoms. It has proven particularly useful when applied specifically and social phobia. Techniques employed by behavioral therapists for this process are:
1. Exposure Therapy – Exposure therapy works by encouraging a client to remain exposed to actual or imagined noxious stimuli until he or she becomes used to them, in which there are three forms of therapy based on this principle.
Systematic Desensitization – To use systematic desensitization effectively, fear-provoking stimuli ranging from mildly terrifying to intensely terrifying are used gradually over a series of sessions. Once clients become comfortable with one level, stronger stimuli are gradually added on until a client feels ready to try them all at once.
Implosive Therapy – Recreate complex high intensity fear arousing situations mentally using imagery or role-playing techniques. mes In Vivo Experience – Forced prolonged and intense exposure to fear-arousing stimuli until client becomes comfortable with them is used.
2. Modeling and Social Skills Training – Modeling assists clients in learning new skills and response capacities, while guidance helps develop a sense of mastery or self-efficacy. Likewise, social skills training equips clients with tools for handling situations that cause anxiety.
Cognitive Therapy – Cognitive therapy aims at altering or changing irrational and false beliefs held by its client, often through techniques used by cognitive therapists such as:
1. Cognitive Restructuring – Originating in Albert Ellis’ rational emotive therapy, cognitive restructuring draws a client’s attention to any unrealistic thoughts which serve as triggers for maladaptive behaviors. A therapist then helps review these beliefs and expectations to establish more rational ways of viewing life.
2. Thought Stopping – Thought stopping is a therapy technique which relies on the assumption that sudden, distracting stimuli, such as noise or unpleasant images, will help end obsession thoughts. Upon recalling an obsession thought, clients are asked to focus on it while their therapist yells “Stop”. This sequence repeats several times until finally the client yells it themselves instead.
3. Cognitive Rehearsal – Cognitive rehearsal allows clients to mentally practice adaptive approaches for challenging situations, making this therapy particularly helpful when stimulation in clinical settings cannot provide solutions.
4. Thought Distraction – Client is instructed to divert his/her attention away from thoughts that cause anxiety, engaging in physical or mental activities to break the flow of anxious thoughts. Psychodynamic Therapy – This approach deals with analyzing internal conflicts within an individual, rather than superficially treating symptoms; psychodynamic therapy involves dream interpretation, free association, slip-of-tongue therapy and more to get at the root cause of any issue at a deeper level – however this process takes much longer.
Drug Therapy – Antianxiety drugs are often prescribed to those suffering from anxiety disorders.
Antidepressant medicines containing tricyclic compounds such as Imipramine or Clomipramine could also help.
There may be side- effects associated with these drugs such as drowsiness, lethargy, motor impairment, sleep disturbances and reduced concentration ability. A prescription must take into account each client’s medical condition when choosing an appropriate medication.
1. Relaxation Techniques – Jacobson Muscle Relaxation Technique is one such relaxation method that helps clients achieve increased calmness while lessening feelings of fear and anxiety.
2. Bio-feedback – By showing them their increased level of physiological arousal, biofeedback can help individuals be more self-aware. Furthermore, it provides instruction on how to control brain activity in order to better manage stress and anxiety.
3. Meditation – Meditating is designed to help clients maintain their concentration or mindfulness and experience calmness and peace, thus helping to decrease anxiety and fear.
To provide effective therapeutic treatment of panic disorders and anxiety disorders, it is best to be creative when selecting therapy techniques. Therapists can combine various forms of treatment or customize them based on client requirements to produce maximum effectiveness in treatment results.
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