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A 23-year-old man sustained abdominal trauma in a motorcycle accident that required a surgical splenectomy. Asplenic patients are at risk for episodes of rapidly progressive septicemia that are fatal in up to 50% of cases.

1. Discuss how the asplenic state leads to severe infections. (Immunology)

2.List at least four pathogens implicated in causing sepsis in patients, who have undergone splenectomy or in patients with Asplenia.(Microbiology)

3. Discuss the laboratory diagnosis of those pathogens you listed in 2. (Microbiology)

4.What are some of the diagnostic clues during examination of Wright-Giemsa/Pappenheim staining of a peripheral blood smear or a buffy coat that indicate inadequacy of splenic function? (Hematology)